Circular folds are
A) ridges in the wall of the stomach.
B) pleats in the lining of the small intestine.
C) fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine.
D) sacculations in the colon.
E) abnormal structures formed by excessive pressure in the small intestine.
B
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Hormones of the immune system include all of the following except
A) interleukins. B) interferons. C) natriuretic factor. D) thymosins. E) tumor necrosis factor.
In an emergency situation, a patient may be given plasma expanders while blood typing occurs. The plasma expanders are used to
A) stimulate blood clotting. B) replace lost albumin. C) increase blood volume and maintain osmolarity. D) elevate blood pH. E) stimulate immune responses.
The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood, but it also protects the brain from potentially therapeutic chemicals that may reduce the size of brain tumors by killing cancer cells, alleviate depression, and aid in patient recovery from stroke or spinal cord injury. Two methods are currently being rigorously researched to get these helpful chemicals past the
blood-brain barrier. The two methods are termed "molecular Trojan Horse" and osmotic "blood-brain barrier disruption." Based on their names, hypothesize how these methods might allow chemicals to pass through the blood-brain barrier. What will be an ideal response?
Paracrine substances called ______ have powerful, regulating effects on cellular
responses to hormones. Fill in the blank(s) with correct word