A nurse reviews laboratory results for a client with glomerulonephritis. The client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 40 mL/min as measured by a 24-hour creatinine clearance. How should the nurse interpret this finding? (Select all that apply.)
a. Excessive GFR
b. Normal GFR
c. Reduced GFR
d. Potential for fluid overload
e. Potential for dehydration
ANS: C, D
The GFR refers to the initial amount of urine that the kidneys filter from the blood. In the healthy adult, the normal GFR ranges between 100 and 120 mL/min, most of which is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules. A GFR of 40 mL/min is drastically reduced, with the client experiencing fluid retention and risks for hypertension and pulmonary edema as a result of excess vascular fluid.
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Which of the following are signs of mania? (Select all that apply)
A. Pessimistic feelings B. Increased sexual drive C. Denial that anything is wrong D. Decreased energy E. Decreased need for sleep F. Thoughts of death or suicide
The nurse reads in the patient's medication history that the patient is taking buspirone (BuSpar). The nurse interprets that the patient may have which disorder?
a. Anxiety disorder b. Depression c. Schizophrenia d. Bipolar disorder
The nurse is discussing with the patient a variety of options that can be used to help alleviate a health problem. The step of the critical thinking process that the nurse and patient are currently engaged in would be:
1. Generation of alternatives. 2. Collection of information. 3. Evaluation. 4. Analysis of the situation.
The nurse is teaching a class on antianginal drugs to a group of patients who have experienced myocardial infarctions (MIs). The nurse determines that learning has occurred when a patient makes which statement?
1. "These medications decrease how much oxygen my heart needs." 2. "These medications thin my blood so my heart receives more oxygen." 3. "These medications increase the amount of oxygen my heart receives." 4. "These medications increase oxygen to my heart by increasing nitric oxide production."