Which statement describes the neural substrates of reinforcement?
A. Aversive stimuli do not increase dopamine levels within the accumbens.
B. Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a necessary condition for reinforcement.
C. Damage to brain dopamine systems enhances the reinforcing properties of addictive drugs.
D. Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a sufficient condition for reinforcement.
Answer: B
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Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?
A. Object-based B. Early selection C. Spotlight D. Late selection
Studies involving brain imaging reveal that _____ makes it possible for people to carry out mental tasks with less neural activity
A) declaring B) priming C) positioning D) displacing
The observation that we enjoy stimulating activities such as driving in fast cars or riding roller coasters is inconsistent with __________ theories
a. humanistic c. instinct b. drive-reduction d. primary drive
During what period was the last Ice Age?
Upper Paleolithic Neolithic Jurassic Cenozoic