Compare and contrast the philosophical positions of dualism and monism. To which of these positions does modern neuroscience subscribe? Provide research evidence to support your claim.
What will be an ideal response?
Dualism is the belief that the mind and body are separate; the body is made up of a different matter than the mind is. In contrast, monism is the belief that everything (mind and body) consists of the same matter and energy. Today, neuroscience takes a monist view of the mind-body question. The predominant premise is that the more that is learned about the nervous system, the clearer the answer to the mind-body question will become. One example of research that demonstrates this monistic view is Galvani's experiments that demonstrated muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulation. This mechanism has been shown to be at work in the brain as well, suggesting that the mind and body function on the same principles.
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