Describe ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling and the kind of information that can be obtained from each
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer will include the following key points:
+ Ultrasound is a procedure using sound waves to generate a picture of the fetus. It can be used to determine the position of the fetus in the uterus, its sex, multiple pregnancies, and gross physical deformities.
+ In amniocentesis, a needle is inserted through the mother's abdomen to obtain a sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus. The fluid contains skin cells that can be grown in a laboratory dish and then analyzed to determine the genotype of the fetus. It is used to detect genetic disorders.
+ In chorionic villus sampling, a sample of tissue is obtained from the chorion, part of the placenta, and analyzed to detect genetic disorders.
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The neurotransmitter __________ is thought to play a significant role in the brain reward system that is involved in the learning processes of both humans and animals.
A. serotonin B. glutamate C. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D. dopamine
If Matt tells you, "I had pretty much the same problem with the exhaust system of my car. You need to go to the auto supply shop and buy an inexpensive patch kit for the exhaust pipe. This should hold up until you are ready to replace the exhaust pipe.". Matt's suggestion is an example of
a. subgoal analysis. c. analogy heuristic. b. algorithm. d. trial and error.
Which characteristic describes a schema?
a. atomistic c. generic b. associationistic d. passive
Jana has a lot of stress at work because she dislikes one of her coworkers. She says, "I am not sure if I should use cognitive reappraisal or a defense mechanism like reaction formation to reduce my stress. Both are emotion-focused strategies that will help me cope with the stress at work, although neither one will help me solve the problem in the long run." Ultimately she decides to use reaction formation to change her attitude toward her coworker. What's wrong with Jana's decision-making process?
A. Jana isn't considering the other stressors in her life that probably contribute to her overall stress level. B. Jana is wrong when she claims that cognitive reappraisal is an emotion-focused coping strategy—it is a problem-focused strategy. C. Emotion-focused coping mechanisms are not effective ways to reduce stress from problems like the one Jana faces. D. Defense mechanisms are largely unconscious processes, so Jana can't simply choose to use reaction formation.