During the later stages of ventricular relaxation, the pressures in their chambers drop below those in the atria. This results in which of the following?
1. Rapid drop in atrial pressures
2. Opening of the atrioventricular valves
3. Rapid ventricular filling
4. V pressure wave
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: C
As the ventricles continue to relax, their pressures drop below the pressures in the atria. This drop reopens the atrioventricular valves. As soon as the atrioventricular valves open, the blood col-lected in the atria rushes to fill the ventricles, causing a rapid drop in atrial pressures (the V wave).
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