At the molecular level, what are the effects of nicotine on the nervous system? How are these effects exerted? How are these effects similar to or different from those of curare? How do these effects explain some of the physiological consequences of smoking?
What will be an ideal response?
Nicotine binds to a type of acetylcholine receptor known as the nicotinic receptor; nicotine does not bind to the other type of acetylcholine receptor, the muscarinic receptor. Like acetylcholine, nicotine activates the receptor and produces a postsynaptic response. Nicotinic receptors are located on skeletal muscles and on the postganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous divisions. Curare also binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but it does not activate the receptor; therefore the effect of curare is paralysis of skeletal muscles. Overall, nicotine is a CNS stimulant, suggesting greater stimulation of the sympathetic division than of the parasympathetic division.
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The function of plasma albumins is
a. contributing to the clotting process. b. body defense. c. maintenance of the blood's osmotic pressure. d. transport of lipids. e. transport of metal minerals.
Angiotensin II
A. stimulates the adrenal cortex to release ADH. B. causes vasoconstriction. C. stimulates peripheral vasodilation. D. is responsible for increasing urine output. E. is released in response to high blood pressure.
The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "A" represent?
A. sebaceous gland B. eccrine sweat gland C. sweat pore D.
What is the function of the serous membranes?
What will be an ideal response?