After the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) regulations were published in 1973, all research using human subjects was required to

a. avoid using subjects who were ill, mentally impaired, or dying.
b. obtain informed consent from all subjects prior to enrollment in a study.
c. review only studies in which risk of harm to subjects is especially high.
d. undergo full institutional review to examine risks and benefits to subjects.


ANS: D

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