The Kd values of antibody-to-antigen binding range from 10-12 M to 10-8 M. Antibody X binds to wild-type E. coli ssDNA-binding protein, showing a value of Kd =10-11 M
When antibody X binds to a mutant derived ssDNA-binding protein that contains a single amino acid substitution, a value of Kd = 10-7 M is determined. We can conclude that:
A. the amino acid substitution has increased the affinity of antibody X.
B. the amino acid substitution has decreased the affinity of antibody X.
C. the amino acid substitution has increased the affinity of ssDNA-binding protein to DNA.
D. the amino acid substitution has decreased the affinity of ssDNA-binding protein to DNA.
E. None of these choices is correct.
B
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Capillary exchange
a. is the movement of materials through capillaries. b. is the movement of components of the interstitial fluid into a capillary bed. c. occurs at the beginning of the capillary bed. d. occurs at the end of the capillary bed. e. is the movement of components of the interstitial fluid into a capillary bed, and it occurs at the end of the capillary bed.
During transcription of mRNA in eukaryotes, some sequences are cut out of the primary transcript and the remaining sequences are joined together. This processing of mRNA is called ________.
A. termination B. capping C. splicing D. elongation E. translation
The addition of excess phosphorous causes lakes to become eutrophic because the nutrients trigger
blooms of photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Why do these blooms cause low oxygen levels in lakes?
a. Cyanobacteria use up more oxygen than they produce. b. Excess phosphorous binds to dissolved oxygen in the water. c. Cyanobacteria are net producers of oxygen while alive, but when they die aerobic bacteria use oxygen while decomposing them. d. Cyanobacterial blooms only occur in waters naturally low in oxygen. e. Cyanobacteria are aerobic heterotrophs, consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide.
Which series of letters lists the first four steps of the scientific method (see question 5) in the correct order?
(a) a, b, c, d. (b) a, b, d, c. (c) c, a, b, d. (d) d, c, a, b.