______ occur when the legislature requires judges to sentence an offender to a minimum sentence regardless of mitigating factors.

a. Determinate sentences
b. Presumptive sentencing guidelines
c. Indeterminate sentences
d. Mandatory minimum sentences


d. Mandatory minimum sentences

Criminal Justice

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Jenkins' 1988 study of serial killers in England found that

A) serial killers had a long history of violent offenses before caught. B) serial killers began killing at a late age. C) serial killers had extensive juvenile records. D) the majority were former police officers.

Criminal Justice

Terror in conventional warfare is a natural by-product of the violence and confusion of battle

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

The War on Drugs is an example of morality policy making based on a moral panic which has led to ______.

a. unethical and discriminatory results and mass imprisonment b. a decrease in the illegal consumption of drugs c. growth of powerful drug lords in the U.S. d. a drop in the supply of illegal drugs in the U.S.

Criminal Justice

You are a police officer at a crime scene. You find a 9mm spent cartridge on the floor near the back door in the kitchen. To emphasize perspective, how should this item be photographed?

A) The first picture should be taken at close range, and the second should be taken from at least 6 feet away. B) The item should be photographed at the closest possible range, with a police item marker in plain view. C) The item should be photographed at a range not to be more than 6 inches away. D) None of the above are techniques that show the item in perspective.

Criminal Justice