The __________ attack is where the attacker chooses a list of messages before attempting to break the user's signature scheme, independent of the user's public key. The attacker then obtains from the user valid signatures for the chosen messages.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
generic chosen message
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over Secure Shell (SSH) are two ____-based methods for creating VPNs.
A. Microsoft B. IBM C. UNIX D. Linux
An early step in planning a website is to create an organized ____ system, which makes it easy to find files quickly as you develop and edit your site.
A. map B. master C. index D. folder
You can precisely align objects using ________, the nonprinting dotted lines that form a pattern of one-inch squares
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Return on investment (ROI) is calculated using the formula _____.
A. ROI = (total benefits – total costs) / total costs B. ROI = (total costs – total benefits) / total costs C. ROI = (total benefits – total costs) / total benefits D. ROI = (total costs – total benefits) / total benefits