A researcher is measuring the length of time different couples were engaged before getting married and their reported levels of happiness with their marriage. In order to determine whether these two variables are related, which type of study will the researcher design?
a. An experimental study
b. A correlational study
c. A naturalistic observation
d. A case study
e. Clinical observation
Answer: b. A correlational study
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In a clever experiment, Edward Chace Tolman placed rats at the entrance of a maze and recorded how long it took them to arrive at the end of the maze. Some rats were rewarded with food each time they reached the end, other rats were never rewarded, and a third group was rewarded only after the 11th day of training. Starting on the 12th day, this last group ran through the maze just as quickly as the first group that had been rewarded consistently for its performance. How did Tolman explain this surprising outcome?
A. Even in the absence of direct reinforcement, rats in the third group had formed a cognitive map of the maze, allowing them to navigate it quickly after reinforcement was introduced. B. Rats in the third group were simply smarter than rats in the other two groups, and therefore quickly learned the maze after reinforcement took place. C. Rats in the first group had become bored with the continuous reinforcement; their slower speeds made it appear as though rats in the third group had learned quickly. D. Rats in the third group had the opportunity to observe the performance of rats in the first group, and therefore knew that reinforcement would eventually be coming.
__________ therapists focus on beliefs and attitudes that create and compound their clients' psychological problems
a. Cognitive c. Learning b. Psychoanalytic d. Gestalt
Children make the transition from Piaget's preoperational stage to the stage of concrete operations about age 5 to 7
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) assesses intelligence in which
of the following age ranges? A) 6–16 years B) 2 1/2–7 years C) 7–12 years D) 7–14 years