An elementary school decides to experiment with two different curriculum approaches to language arts. The first focuses on a whole language approach, and the second focuses on word-attack skills, such as phonics
If the schools' results are consistent with patterns identified by research, which of the following is the most likely outcome?
a. The whole-language approach will result in more student learning than will the approach emphasizing phonics in all the elementary grades.
b. The approach emphasizing phonics will result in more student learning than will the approach emphasizing whole language in all the elementary grades.
c. The approach emphasizing phonics will result in more student learning in the lower elementary grades, but the approach emphasizing whole language will result in more learning in the upper elementary grades.
d. The effectiveness of either approach depends on the knowledge and skills of the teacher implementing the program; one is not necessarily better than the other.
d
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