Explain the two main types of studies that showed the genetic basis of ASDs
What will be an ideal response?
First, family studies involving non-twin siblings reveal a genetic basis. These family studies show higher-than-expected rates of autism among family members. For example, the rate of recurrence of autism in siblings of autistic individuals is 2% to 6%, which is 10 to 60 times greater than the prevalence of autism in the general population. Second, researchers studying the genetics of autism also have compared the incidence of autism in monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. If one monozygotic twin has autism, then there is a 75% chance that the other twin will have autism. In contrast, if one dizygotic twin has autism, then there is a 3% chance that the other twin will have autism. (Note that this falls within the 2% to 6% rate of recurrence among non-twin siblings.) These comparative findings indicate a genetic basis for autism because the incidence among twins is higher among those who are nearly genetically identical.
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Differentiate between macroevolution, microevolution, and speciation. What will be an ideal response?
Invasive fungi have caused ecological disasters in the U.S. during the last century. The American chestnut tree commonly grew in forests from Michigan to Louisiana and from Maine to Georgia. In the 1900s Cryphonectria parasitica, an invasive species, commonly known as Chestnut blight, decimated the chestnut tree population leading to one of the worst ecological disasters in U.S. history. It is thought that the invasive fungus was imported from Japan and China. Other invasive fungi have destroyed large numbers of redbay, dogwood, and oak trees. Is human activity to blame for such disasters? What can be done to alleviate this problem?
What will be an ideal response?
Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
A) cytosol B) electron transport chain C) outer membrane D) inner membrane E) mitochondrial matrix
Nausea is an example of a (sign/symptom/syndrome) of disease.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).