Which of the following is true of androgens and estrogens?
a. Only males have androgens
b. Both sexes have both types of hormones.
c. They are produced by the pituitary.
d. They have opposite effects in males and females.
b
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Rescorla's research on contingency theory supports a cognitive perspective in learning because
a. of the role of contiguity. b. merely pairing stimuli cannot account for learning. c. the tone preceded the shock. d. dogs became conditioned when shock followed the tone.
Early North American psychologists, such as Baldwin and Calkins, placed heavy emphasis
on a. laboratory experimentation and observation. b. philosophical foundations of psychology. c. psychology's relationship to the new social sciences. d. improving human welfare. e. a mixture of Wundtian and Freudian approaches.
After Ricardo gets an A on his history exam (a class in which he has recently struggled), Ricardo's father takes him to the electronics store and lets him choose a new video game. This is an example of a(n)
A. discriminative conditioned stimulus. B. operant. C. primary reinforcer. D. secondary reinforcer.
At least ________ million Americans have problems with drinking
a. 21 b. 14 c. 28 d. 7