How are nonpharmacologic interventions, such as guided imagery and music therapy, thought to help relieve a client's pain?
A. Anxiety increases the degree of tissue damage at the pain site by reducing the amount of available oxygen. Guided imagery reduces anxiety, thereby increasing the amount of oxygen available, decreasing damage, and decreasing pain.
B. The substantia gelatinosa in the brain can only transmit impulses when trigger cells are activated. Nonpharmacologic interventions can inhibit trigger cells, thus "closing the gate" on transmission of pain impulses from the periphery.
C. Guided imagery and music therapy, along with other nonpharmacologic interven-tions, induce sedation and sleep, and pain is not perceived during sleep.
D. Nonpharmacologic interventions contribute to pain relief by decreasing the amount of cortisol present in damaged tissues. Cortisol is thought to increase the sensitivity of pain receptors to low levels of pain stimulation.
B
The gate control theory of pain and pain resolution indicates that relay impulses from peripheral pain receptors can be blocked at the level of the substantia gelatinosa by the presence of other sensory impulses, such as those triggered by guided imagery or music therapy
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