Compare randomization and random sampling. What are their similarities and differences? In what way does each help to improve the validity of research conclusions? Why does the use of one of these techniques preclude the use of the other?
What will be an ideal response?
Randomization—the random assignment of cases, as by the toss of a coin for example;
randomization increases validity since it reduces the risk of spuriousness; a randomized
comparison group can provide a good estimate of the counterfactual; assigning subjects
randomly to the experimental and comparison groups ensures that systematic bias does
not affect the assignment of subjects to groups; random assignment does not help at all to
ensure that the research subjects are representative of some larger population; random
sampling—a method of sampling that relies on a random, or chance, selection method so
that every element of the sampling frame has a known probability of being selected;
random sampling allows a researcher to take a representative sample of the population of
interest, increasing generalizability.
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