A client has been admitted with left-sided heart failure. When planning care for the client, interventions should be focused around reduction of which specific problem associated with this type of heart failure?
1. Ascites
2. Pedal edema
3. Bilateral lung crackles
4. Jugular vein distention
3
Rationale: The client with heart failure may present with different symptoms, depending on whether the right or the left side of the heart is failing. Adventitious breath sounds, such as crackles, are an indicator of decreased left-sided heart function. Peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, and ascites all can be present because of insufficiency of the pumping action of the right side of the heart.
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