Rescorla and Wagner originated which theory?
A) Behavioural responses can be conditioned in animals.
B) Classical conditioning occurs only when an animal has learned to set up an expectation.
C) Humans, as well as animals, are capable of undergoing classical conditioning.
D) Conditioning works more quickly when the conditioned stimulus is familiar.
B) Classical conditioning occurs only when an animal has learned to set up an expectation.
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Research by David Dunning suggests that one problem concerning self-assessment is that people tend to
a. pay too little attention to past successes in evaluating future prospects. b. overestimate their own skills, prospects for success, and opinion accuracy. c. underestimate their own skills, prospects for success, and opinion accuracy. d. dwell too much on past failures in assessing present competencies.
According to ____, people learn to behave aggressively in the same way that they learn other things—by direct experience and by observing others
a. instrumental learning theory b. social learning theory c. relational aggression theory d. the cultural relativity hypothesis
Even though Marvin had changed his major several times during his college years, he spent the summer doing an internship in an investment firm and felt more confident about his career choice
Marvin is most likely in the ___________ period of Ginzberg's stages of choosing a career. a. premature c. tentative b. fantasy d. realistic
In experimental research methods, what does the term “artificiality” refer to?
A. Testing conditions may not reflect real-world situations. B. Participants may try to perform for the experimenters. C. Experiments conducted in real-world scenarios may be unethical. D. Variables that are manipulated in ways that allow them to be measured.