The nurse assesses a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who has been admitted with increasing dyspnea over the last 3 days. Which finding is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider?
a. Respirations are 36 breaths/minute.
b. Anterior-posterior chest ratio is 1:1.
c. Lung expansion is decreased bilaterally.
d. Hyperresonance to percussion is present.
ANS: A
The increase in respiratory rate indicates respiratory distress and a need for rapid interventions such as administration of oxygen or medications. The other findings are common chronic changes occurring in patients with COPD.
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A nurse is providing care for an older, previously healthy adult male who has been diagnosed today with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following signs and symptoms is the nurse most likely to encounter?
A) The man will be hypotensive and febrile and may manifest cognitive changes. B) The patient will have a cough producing clear sputum, and he will have faint breath sounds and fine crackles. C) The patient will have copious bloody sputum and diffuse chest pain and may lose his cough reflex. D) The patient will lack lung consolidation and will have little, if any, sputum production.
A researcher locates twelve research studies that all examine the effect of a different cognitive-behavioral strategy for decreasing pain—hypnosis, distraction, focusing, music therapy, and so forth
Why would these twelve studies make a poor meta-analysis? a. Cognitive-behavioral interventions are not a suitable focus for all patients, and consequently should not be studied. b. Twelve studies would be too many for synthesis of any kind. c. Secondary analyses of pooled data are not used for meta-analysis on pain, because of interindividual differences in perception. d. The result, if statistically significant, will produce a general recommendation, "If in pain, do something cognitive-behavioral," which is meaningless.
The pacemaker for the heart is found in the:
A) Bundle of His. B) Atrioventricular (AV) node. C) Purkinje fibers D) Sinoatrial (SA) node.
One mechanism the U.S. government uses for soliciting grant applications is through:
A) RFPs B) Notices posted at professional conferences C) Notices published in professional journals D) Program announcements