A patient is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a medication. The nurse is concerned that the patient will develop distributive shock because:
1. The release of histamine causes vasodilation with plasma leakage.
2. Sympathetic innervation is interrupted.
3. Microorganisms overwhelm the vascular system.
4. Parasympathetic innervation functions are unopposed.
1
Rationale 1: In an anaphylactic reaction leading to distributive shock, the release of histamine causes vasodilation with plasma leakage. Vasodilation leads to profound hypotension, hypovolemia from fluid extravasation, reduced reload, and reduced cardiac output.
Rationale 2: Sympathetic innervation is not interrupted in an anaphylactic reaction.
Rationale 3: Microorganisms do not overwhelm the vascular system in an anaphylactic reaction.
Rationale 4: Parasympathetic innervation functioning unopposed is not a characteristic of an anaphylactic reaction.
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