Explain the role of vitamin A during pregnancy.
What will be an ideal response?
Vitamin A is a key nutrient in pregnancy because it plays important roles in reactions involved in cell differentiation. Vitamin A deficiency that occurs early in pregnancy can produce malformations of the fetal lungs, urinary tract, and heart.Of more concern than vitamin A deficiency in the United States are problems associated with excessive intakes of vitamin A in the form of retinol or retinoic acid (but not beta-carotene). Intakes of these forms of vitamin A of over 10,000 IU per day, and the use of medications such as Accutane and Retin-A for acne and wrinkle treatment, increase the risk of fetal abnormalities. Fetal exposure to the high doses of retinoic acid in these drugs tends to result in "retinoic acid syndrome." Features of this syndrome include small ears or no ears, abnormal or missing ear canals, brain malformation, and heart defects.
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The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 recommends that everyone over the age of 50 reduce their daily sodium intake to 1,200 milligrams or less
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The glycemic index of a food is measured by comparing the increase in one's blood glucose levels after consuming the food to that caused by a reference food such as _____
a. white bread b. a banana c. ice cream d. oatmeal e. cheese
A patient undergoing dialysis for ESRD may require supplementation of all of the following except:
a. vitamin C b. vitamin B6 c. vitamin A d. active vitamin D
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to
A. eat a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. B. weigh themselves only once a month. C. limit the time they spend watching TV. D. exercise for at least 30 minutes daily.