Which of the following is a possible source of bias due to investigator and experimenter expectancies?
a. Previous contact between an experimenter and participants due to need of prior familiarity
b. Noncompliance with some experimental procedures because of the investigator's lack of awareness about their importance
c. Preconceptions and stereotypes among participants about an experimenter's racial or ethnic group
d. Differences in the levels of enthusiasm of experimenters while administering studies to the variousgroups in a study
d
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Because the Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters (TASA) study had no control group, which of the following CANNOT be concluded?
a. All treatment conditions showed equivalent effectiveness. b. Any treatment is more effective than no treatment. c. Combined treatment is no more effective than medication alone. d. CBT is no more effective than medication.
It is vital for counselors to become aware of their own personal needs and values so that they
a. know which of their values they can encourage clients to adopt. b. can avoid accepting clients who hold values that are different from their own values. c. can avoid getting their own personal needs met through their counseling relationships. d. can give clients advice that is congruent with the counselor's value system. e. can choose a counseling specialty that allows them to get their personal needs met while providing counseling services to others.
The measurement of client functioning exclusively at pretest and posttest involves investigating therapeutic effects when multiple measurements across the course of therapy are collected
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
When giving a death notification, the information must be
A. in plain language and with specific details of the death. B. timely and with accurate information. C. Timeliness is not as important as is the accuracy of the information. D. Accuracy of information is not as important as timeliness of the information.