Prior knowledge sometimes interferes with perception, memory, and learning. Describe two findings that illustrate the pitfalls of prior knowledge
What will be an ideal response?
Any two of the following: (1) as children learn the sounds of their native language, they lose the ability to perceive the sounds in all the world's languages, (2) as children learn the sounds, words, and grammar of their native language, they gradually lose the ability to learn the grammar of other languages, (3) children's knowledge of what people typically eat for breakfast, lunch, and dinner leads them to reject the idea that someone could have cereal and orange juice for lunch, (4) children's prior knowledge or beliefs about a person (e.g., stereotypes) lead them to incorrectly "remember" that person doing or saying things that are consistent with those beliefs, and (5) children's knowledge of arithmetic leads them to have difficulties with novel math problems such as 3 + 4 + 5 = 3 + __.
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A family with a young son decides to move from a poor, inner-city neighborhood to a small town because their first-grade son is wanting to dress like the "gangstas" he sees on his street and at school. Is this an effective strategy?
a. No, because moving creates instability, which leads to a greater risk of externalizing problems. b. No, because a tendency to externalizing problems is completely genetic. c. Yes, because kids in these kinds of neighborhoods are at greater risk of developing externalizing problems. d. Yes, because kids in these kinds of neighborhoods are at greater risk of developing internalizing problems.
Which of the following is true regarding the ways that drugs affect neurotransmitters? a. A drug that is an agonist occupies the receptor sites, blocking the neurotransmitter. b. A drug that is an antagonist helps increase the release of the neurotransmitter
c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b
The mental disorder with the HIGHEST heritability rate is:
A) schizophrenia. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) major depressive disorder.
The two major subsystems of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the
a. autonomic nervous system. b. sympathetic nervous system. c. peripheral nervous system. d. parasympathetic nervous system. e. somatic nervous system.