Describe in detail one of the ways of relieving pain
What will be an ideal response?
After pain alerts you to a danger, continuing pain messages are unnecessary. The brain puts the brakes on prolonged pain by opioid mechanisms—systems that respond to opiate drugs and similar chemicals. Candace Pert and Solomon Snyder (1973) discovered that opiates bind to receptors found mostly in the spinal cord and the periaqueductal gray area of the midbrain
A placebo is a drug or other procedure with no pharmacological effects. In medical research, an experimental group receives a potentially active treatment and the control group receives a placebo. Placebos have little effect on most medical conditions, but they often relieve pain or depression.
Cannabinoids—chemicals related to marijuana—also block certain kinds of pain. Unlike opiates, cannabinoids act mainly in the periphery of the body rather than the CNS. Researchers found that if they deleted the cannabinoid receptors in the peripheral nervous system of laboratory animals while leaving the receptors intact in the CNS, cannabinoids lost most of their ability to decrease pain.
Another approach uses capsaicin, a chemical in jalapenos and similar peppers that stimulates receptors for heat. Capsaicin rubbed onto a sore shoulder, an arthritic joint, or other painful area produces a temporary burning sensation followed by a longer period of decreased pain. When applied in high doses, or at lower doses for a prolonged period, capsaicin causes an excessive buildup of calcium in heat receptors, and damages the mitochondria in those receptors, rendering the cell nonfunctional for a substantial time
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Which characteristic is NOT a common symptom of GAD?
A) concentration problems B) sleep problems C) muscle tension D) psychosis
Adora, Yvette, and twelve of their closest friends from college plan to go to Key West during spring break. As members of the anonymous crowd of college students, Adora and Yvette will most likely ________
a. conform to the situation's specific norms and say, "Let's party!" b. conform to the local norms of the city of Key West. c. become uninhibited because mindlessness is increased in a large group. d. become combative because aggressiveness is released in the large group.
Learning that occurs without reward is called ______.
A. place learning B. grid learning C. concept learning D. latent learning
Power is the probability that
A) if the research hypothesis is false, the experiment will support the null hypothesis. B) if the research hypothesis is true, the experiment will support it. C) a Type I error will not be made. D) the research hypothesis will not be accepted incorrectly.