Removal of moisture by dehydration is called ________.
A. pasteurization
B. desiccation
C. sterilization
D. flash freeze
E. lyophilization
Answer: B
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Vibrio cholerae lives in water and gets toxin genes from a virus by phage conversion. The toxin kills the intestinal epithelial cells in the human host, resulting in massive diarrhea. Untreated cholera has about a 50% mortality rate. How do the bacteria benefit?
A. Diarrhea helps the bacteria to spread from person to person. B. Killing humans provides nutrients for the bacteria. C. They don’t -- humans are not the main host and their symptoms are maladaptive for the bacteria. D. The bacteria reproduce faster in a dead human. Clarify Question · What is the key concept addressed by the question? · What type of thinking is required? Gather Content · What do you already know about cholera? Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer? Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
In which of the following part or parts of the
life cycle are duplicated chromosomes NOT connected to each other?
a. G1 b. S c. G2 d. metaphase e. more than one of these
The most specific and sensitive method for detecting genetic defects in an embryo is __________
A. amniocentesis D. karytotyping B. chorionic villus sampling E. recombinant DNA techniques C. PGD
New biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, can alert serious athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and find it difficult to continue exercising
These biosensors monitor lactate, a form of lactic acid, released in sweat during strenuous exercise. Which of the statements below is the best explanation of why athletes would need to monitor lactate levels? A) During aerobic respiration, muscle cells cannot produce enough lactate to fuel muscle cell contractions and muscles begin to cramp, thus athletic performance suffers. B) During anaerobic respiration, lactate levels increase when muscles cells need more energy, however muscles cells eventually fatigue, thus athletes should modify their activities to increase aerobic respiration. C) During aerobic respiration, muscles cells produce too much lactate which causes a rise in the pH of the muscle cells, thus athletes must consume increased amounts of sports drinks, high in electrolytes, to buffer the pH. D) During anaerobic respiration, muscle cells receive too little oxygen and begin to convert lactate to pyruvate (pyruvic acid), thus athletes experience cramping and fatigue.