Design an experiment (including controls) to determine if a new kitchen chemical cleaner is mutagenic. Include in your answer how you would interpret the results
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The Ames test could be used to determine if the cleaner solution causes mutations in bacteria. An auxotrophic mutant strain (e.g., Salmonella enterica His-) containing a point mutation is most helpful for this test, so it can measurably revert in small populations of cells. A His- cell population exposed to various concentrations of the cleaner solution would then be put into agar plates lacking histidine, and the number of colonies that grew would represent cells that mutated back to wildtype (His+). An important control for the test is to plate an equal number of cells not exposed to the cleaner solution on to the same medium to calculate a baseline mutation rate of the cells when not exposed to the chemical cleaner. If there are significantly more His+ revertants that grew after exposure to the cleaner solution, then the chemical is mutagenic.
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In the above figure, which of the following would
have a haploid number of chromosomes? a. zygote b. multicelled sporophyte c. spores d. multicelled gametophytes e. both c and d
As pyruvate is prepared for the citric acid cycle, it undergoes a process of
A) reductive carboxylation. B) oxidative decarboxylation. C) oxidative carboxylation. D) reductive decarboxylation. E) substrate level phosphorylation.
Specialized epidermal outgrowths that remove excess salt accumulated in seashore plants are an example of:
a. plasmodesmata. b. guard cells. c. stomata. d. sclereids. e. trichomes
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
A) is a rigid, protective outer shell. B) is also referred to as endotoxin and stimulates fever and shock. C) is the site of nutrient exchange and allows sizes and shapes of molecules to pass through it. D) has the same chemical composition as the cell membrane.