Metabolic changes throughout pregnancy that affect glucose and insulin in the mother and the fetus are complicated but important to understand. Nurses should know that
a. Insulin crosses the placenta to the fetus only in the first trimester, after which the
fetus secretes its own.
b. Women with insulin-dependent diabetes are prone to hyperglycemia during the
first trimester, because they are consuming more sugar.
c. During the second and third trimesters, pregnancy exerts a diabetogenic effect that
ensures an abundant supply of glucose for the fetus.
d. Maternal insulin requirements steadily decline during pregnancy.
C
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A Insulin never crosses the placenta; the fetus starts making its own around the
tenth week.
B As a result of normal metabolic changes during pregnancy, insulin-dependent
women are prone to hypoglycemia (low levels).
C Pregnant women develop increased insulin resistance during the second and third
trimesters.
D Maternal insulin requirements may double or quadruple by the end of pregnancy.
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