In the context of supernovae, briefly explain how synchrotron radiation is produced
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The blue glow of the Crab Nebula is produced by synchrotron radiation. This form of electromagnetic radiation, unlike blackbody radiation, is produced by rapidly moving electrons spiraling through magnetic fields and is common in the nebulae produced by supernovae. In the case of the Crab Nebula, the electrons travel so fast they emit visual wavelengths. In most such nebulae, the electrons move slower, and the synchrotron radiation is at radio wavelengths.
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Explain how the structure of the atom creates binding energy, and what limits there are on the amount of binding energy an electron can have
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The main sequence is luminosity class V
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The coolest white-dwarf: Surveys have been carried out to identify isolated white-dwarfs throughout the galaxy and its globular clusters
They have been found to span a range of temperatures, with a sharp lower limit of about 3000 K (i.e. many have been found at all temperatures from 10s of thousands of Kelvin down to 3000K, but none cooler). What does this observation reveal about the age of our galaxy?
Apart from the effects of other planets, the orbit of Mercury precesses because
A) Mercury travels faster than any other planet. B) Mercury's orbit is nearly circular. C) of pronounced variations in Mercury's orbit about the Sun.