A CD4+ count has been prescribed for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The nurse has explained to the mother the purpose of the blood test
Which of the fol-lowing comments by the mother would indicate that further explanation is required for the moth-er to understand the purpose of the blood test? 1. "The CD4+ count is used to determine the child's immune status."
2. "The CD4+ count identifies the specific diagnosis of HIV infection."
3. "The CD4+ count is used to identify the risk for disease progression."
4. "The CD4+ count identifies the need for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis after 1 year of age."
2
Rationale: CD4+ counts are used to assess a young child's immune status, risk for disease pro-gression, and need for P. jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis after 1 year of age. These counts are measured at 1 and 3 months, every 3 months until the age of 2 years, and at least every 6 months thereafter. More frequent monitoring of CD4+ counts is indicated when P. jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy are recommended. The CD4+ count is not diagnostic of HIV infection.
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A client has been diagnosed with an autoimmune inflammatory disease that involves the synovium of the joints and is potentially disabling. The nurse is aware that this client is experiencing:
a. bursitis c. osteoarthritis b. Lyme disease d. rheumatoid arthritis
The nurse is transporting a newborn from the delivery room to the nursery in a closed, warm incubator. This is done because the nurse recognizes that a primary source of heat loss for the neonate is due to:
a. Convection b. Evaporation c. Conduction d. Radiation
Free radicals cause cell damage by:
a. Stealing the cell’s oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia b. Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes c. Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis d. Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
The nurse observes a withdrawn schizophrenic. The patient is sitting alone and moving her lips as if she is talking, but there is no audible sound. The nurse speaks to the patient by name, but the patient does not seem to hear
What should the nurse do first? a. Hug the patient's shoulders, refer to the patient by name, and ask if she's praying. b. Document the patient's nonresponsiveness and continued detached behavior. c. Sit down in the chair next to the patient, touch her arm, and speak softly. d. Touch the patient's shoulder and then join another group of patients.