What are positive and negative reinforcement? How are positive and negative reinforcement different? How are they similar?
What will be an ideal response?
* Positive reinforcement occurs when the presence of a stimulus increases the likelihood of responding.
* Negative reinforcement occurs when the removal of a stimulus increases the likelihood of responding.
* Positive reinforcement is associated with the presence of a stimulus, whereas negative reinforcement is associated with the removal of a stimulus.
* Both increase the likelihood of responding.
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Why can stress indirectly cause illness?
a. Stress tends to lead to premature nerve cell death. b. The hormones released during stress are the actual cause of illness, not the stress itself. c. People under a great deal of stress are less likely to engage in actions that promote good health. d. The mind of a stressed person is racing so fast that it burns energy that could be used for other purposes.
List the positive benefits of expressing gratitude. Cite a research study in your answer
What will be an ideal response?
Which type of glia actually helps guide the regrowth of axons following injury?
A. astrocytes B. oligodendrocytes C. Schwann cells D. microglia
Regarding imitation, boys are more likely to observe adults and other children acting aggressively than girls are
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false