Which statement is TRUE about nicotine and smoking?
a. ?Nicotine is far less addictive than it was once thought to be.
b. ?Nicotine elevates levels of dopamine, producing pleasure.
c. ?Most adult smokers started smoking after the age of 21.
d. ?Even in low doses, nicotine impairs attention and memory.
ANSWER:
b
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A grandmother gives her granddaughter a cookie because she cleaned her room. In this example, what is the cookie?
A. A punisher B. A positive reinforcer C. A negative reinforcer D. A conditioned response
In the opening scenario of Chapter 2 in your text, Mariella began experiencing a combination of physical and mental discontents. Her friends and college cohorts believed that she was suffering from
a. homesickness. b. depression. c. anorexia. d. narcolepsy.
In Rotter's model, a behavior potential is determined in part by
A. the estimated likelihood that the behavior will lead to reinforcement. B. the strength of other behavior potentials. C. whether or not the role model was rewarded. D. the distinction between learning and performance.
The nucleus accumbens
A. does not participate in learning of any type. B. is important to long-term but not to short-term learning. C. is important in episodic and semantic memory but not procedural memory. D. contributes to the evaluation of reward during procedural learning.