A group of randomly selected subjects that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called
a)
volunteer bias.
b)
a representative sample.
c)
the experimental group.
d)
the control group
b)
a representative sample.
A representative sample is a randomly selected group that matches the population on important characteristics. An experimental group is not necessarily representative of the population.
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Tamika is learning how to tie her shoes. Her father praises her for crossing the shoelaces. Then, he praises her again as she learns to form one end into a loop. Slowly, Tamika learns how to tie a bow with the laces. This reinforcing of small steps toward a desired behavior is called
a. negative reinforcement. b. extinction. c. conditioned response. d. shaping.
When people are absolutely certain that they can spot a liar, the research shows that their confidence is not related to their accuracy. Which principle of critical thinking should this remind you of?
A) Extraordinary claims B) Correlation vs. causation C) Falsifiability D) Ruling out rival hypotheses Incorrect. Nothing in this question speaks specifically to this principle.
Cognitive psychology is contributing to the development of ________, which attempts to make computers learn and solve problems the way people do
a. educational technology b. forensic psychology c. virtual reality d. artificial intelligence
Follow-up research on preoperational thought indicates that
A) perspective taking develops gradually throughout childhood and adolescence. B) toddlers are unable to infer others' intentions. C) preschoolers attribute biological properties to objects. D) most preschoolers do not believe that magic accounts for events they cannot explain.