Of the four models that were tested in Exercise 18, which one predicted different results on the extinction trials in Stage 4? That is, which model predicted that the response to the tone would differ from the response to the light in that stage?
a. S-S, S-S
b. S-S, S-R
c. S-R, S-S
d. S-R, S-R
b. S-S, S-R
Answer feedback: According to the S-S, S-R model, which is strongly supported by published research on second-order conditioning, the habituation of the UR in Stage 3 should have reduced the response strength of the tone (which was paired with electric shock in Stage 1) but not that of the light (which was paired with the tone in Stage 2). Thus, in Stage 4, the response strength of the light should have been notably greater than that of the tone.
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