Describe strategies for emotion regulation used by toddlers, and explain how and why children from different cultures differ in their displays of emotion.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Between birth and 12 months, toddlers' emotion regulation strategies include sucking the thumb, turning away from an upsetting person or object, and seeking reassurance and contact from primary caregivers.
2. Between 12 and 24 months, toddlers communicate their emotions to an adult by pointing and making a facial expression, by calling for a parent by name when scared, by methods of self-distraction, and by seeking contact with an adult for reassurance.
3. Cultures differ in their practices of emotion regulation. Asian cultures tend to tolerate fewer emotional outbursts than Western cultures. Japanese and Chinese infants 12 to 24 months of age cry and smile less than those in the United States, as Asian cultures teach that emotions should be displayed only when socially appropriate.
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