The clinic nurse is reviewing charts on prenatal clients. Which client histories should the nurse understand that a referral to a genetic counselor is warranted? (Select all that apply.)
a. A father who is aged 35
b. A client having a first baby at age 30
c. A family history of unexplained stillbirths
d. A client with a family history of birth defects
e. A client who is a carrier of an X-linked disorder
ANS: C, D, E
Reasons for a referral to a genetic counselor include family history of unexplained stillbirths, family history of birth defects, and a woman who is a carrier of an X-linked disorder. Pregnant women who will be 35 years of age or older when the infant is born and men who father children after age 40 constitute reasons for referral to a genetic counselor. The client who is 30 and the father who is aged 35 would not warrant a referral to a genetic counselor.
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