A nurse teaches clients about the difference between urge incontinence and stress incontinence. Which statements should the nurse include in this education? (Select all that apply.)
a. "Urge incontinence involves a post-void residual volume less than 50 mL."
b. "Stress incontinence occurs due to weak pelvic floor muscles."
c. "Stress incontinence usually occurs in people with dementia."
d. "Urge incontinence can be managed by increasing fluid intake."
e. "Urge incontinence occurs due to abnormal bladder contractions."
ANS: B, E
Clients who suffer from stress incontinence have weak pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter and cannot tighten their urethra sufficiently to overcome the increased detrusor pressure. Stress incontinence is common after childbirth, when the pelvic muscles are stretched and weakened from pregnancy and delivery. Urge incontinence occurs in people who cannot suppress the contraction signal from the detrusor muscle. Abnormal detrusor contractions may be a result of neurologic abnormalities including dementia, or may occur with no known abnormality. Post-void residual is associated with reflex incontinence, not with urge incontinence or stress incontinence. Management of urge incontinence includes decreasing fluid intake, especially in the evening hours.
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