In which of the following types of ventilation is alveolar expansion during inspiration due to a decrease in pleural pressure? 1. Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) 2. Negative-pressure ventilation (NPV) 3. Spontaneous ventilation
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C
NPV decreases pleural pressure (Pp1) during inspiration by exposing the chest to sub-atmospheric pressure.
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