Suppose the ends of a 30-m-long steel beam are rigidly clamped at 0°C to prevent expansion. The beam has a cross-sectional area of 30 cm2. What force against the clamps does the beam exert when it is heated to 40°C? (?Steel = 1.1 × 10?5/°C, Ysteel = 20 × 1010 N/m2).
What will be an ideal response?
2.6 × 105 N
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Supernova remnants differ from star forming regions because, although there is ionized hydrogen in both, supernova remnants
A) don't look like star forming regions. B) are much bigger than star forming regions. C) are located far from star forming regions. D) are more diffuse than star forming regions. E) contain no ionizing stars.
Boltzmann's constant, kB, may be derived as a function of R, the universal gas constant, and NA, Avogadro's number. Which expresses the value of kB?
a. NAR2 b. NAR c. R/NA d. NA/R
The Earth intercepts 1.27 × 10^17 W of radiant energy from the Sun. Suppose the Earth, of volume 1.08 × 10^21 m3, was composed of water. How long would it take for the Earth at 0°C to reach 100°C, if none of the energy was radiated or reflected back out into space?
a. 26.9 y b. 113 y c. 2.69 × 10^4 y d. 1.13 × 10^5 y e. 2.69 × 10^7 y
Approximately how many radioactive atoms are present in a tritium sample with an activity of 0.20 × 10^?6 Ci and a half-life of 12.3 years? (1 Ci = 3.7 × 10^10 decays/s)
a. 1.3E+5 b. 1.1E+2 c. 3.5E–6 d. 4.1E+12 e. 2.9E+12