When a drug is taken for a specific purpose other than getting "high," this is defined as:

A. instrumental use
B. proactive use
C. self-medication
D. recreational use


Answer: A

Criminal Justice

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The crime of rape is aggravated when the rapist is armed with a dangerous weapon, kidnaps the victim, or inflicts bodily injury on the victim

a. True b. False

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Shorty, a gang member, kills a rival drug dealer over a territory dispute. What type of violence would this be?

a. Selective violence b. Expressive violence c. Hotspot violence d. Instrumental violence

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Wilderness treatment programs have been found to have what effect on recidivism?

A. Generally increase recidivism rates in most circumstances. B. Generally decrease recidivism rates in most circumstances. C. Increase recidivism rates in comparison to boot camps, but decrease rates in all other instances. D. Decrease recidivism rates in comparison to boot camps, but increase rates in all other instances.

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Three-quarters of all jails are operated by an elected official known as a _____________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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