Describe longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs. What are strengths and weaknesses of each design?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer will include the following key points:
• Longitudinal: One group of children is tested repeatedly as they develop.
o Strength: Only way to chart an individual's development and look at the stability of behavior
over time.
o Weakness: Expensive, participants drop out, and repeated testing can distort performance.
• Cross-sectional: Children of different ages are tested at the same time.
o Strength: Convenient, inexpensive, don't have participant drop-out because they're seen at only one time, don't have repeated testing effects.
o Weakness: Cannot study stability of behavior; cohort effects complicate interpretation of differences between groups.
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_____ are behavioral urges that temporarily relieve anxiety and are generally senseless rituals
a. Compulsions c. Phobias b. Obsessions d. None of these
Awareness of one’s own prejudices and close-mindedness:
a. does not have an effect on appreciation of diversity. b. seems to make people less open to diversity. c. helps individuals to make conscious efforts to appreciate and be open to diversity. d. can make certain personality types more open to diversity
While Jennifer was growing up, Jennifer's mother constantly told her she needed to watch her weight. As an adult, Jennifer thinks of herself as overweight because of
A) the multiple self process. B) social comparison. C) the reflected appraisal process. D) her collective self with her mother.
The majority of Americans now view marriage as
A) a personal goal and a component of the good life. B) an alternative lifestyle. C) a relic of another age. D) necessary only for those planning on having children.