A client is admitted with suspected myocardial infarction, with symptoms beginning approximately 3 hours ago. Results of which of these cardiac enzyme studies would confirm the diagnosis?
a. decreased CK levels c. increased troponin levels
b. decreased LDH levels d. increased LDH levels
C
Troponin levels elevate within 3 to 4 hours after injury and may remain elevated for 10 to 14 days. Muscular injections, strenuous exercise, and drugs that affect muscles do not elevate troponin levels as they do CK levels.
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Under normal situations, the normal ventilation to perfusion ratio is 4:5 (0.8). Atelectasis can cause a shunt-producing ventilation/perfusion mismatch. This occurs primarily as a result of
a. perfusion exceeding ventilation. b. ventilation exceeding perfusion. c. an alveolus that is receiving ventilation but not perfusion. d. an alveolus that is receiving perfusion but not ventilation.
The nurse is preparing information on breast cancer screening for a community health fair. Which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
1. Breast ultrasound every 5 years 2. Mammograms every year starting at age 40 3. Perform breast self-examination twice a month 4. Consider mammography every 5 years after age 50 5. Clinical breast examination every year starting at age 40
What is the research assumption?
a. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day, in persons averaging fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, attributable to insomnia. b. It was posited that provision of daily late-morning massage would affect total hours of sleep per 24-hour day. c. It was taken as established fact that massage is pleasant, that research subjects getting fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night were sleep-deprived, and that endorphins mediated the changes observed. d. Presumably by increasing endorphin levels, massage seems to provide an immediate relaxation and an ability to sleep immediately following the session, but it is unclear whether these benefits actually extend to total sleep, despite anecdotal support. The claim that massage increases total hours of sleep has been inadequately researched.
A child suffers a head injury in a tumbling accident in gym class. The nurse's best course of action is to:
a. leave the child and go get help b. stay with the child, keep assessing, and have someone call the caregivers c. leave the child in the care of an older child and go get help d. get the child up walking and make sure he or she stays awake