A patient in the clinic reports frequent episodes of bloating, abdominal pain, and loose stools to the primary care nurse practitioner (NP). An important question the NP should ask about the abdominal pain is:
a. the relation of the pain to stools.
b. what time of day the pain occurs.
c. whether the pain is sharp or diffuse.
d. the age of the patient when the pain began.
A
The new Rome II guidelines maintain that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of any subtype is characterized by a strong relationship between abdominal pain and defecation because of visceral hypersensitivity to gut-related events. The other characteristics of pain may be assessed to help guide management of IBS, but the first is necessary for a correct diagnosis.
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What type of comparison is implied in the following research question: Are teenaged women less likely to breastfeed their infants than older women?
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