Which of the following variations on translation would be most disadvantageous for a cell?
A) translating polypeptides directly from DNA
B) using fewer kinds of tRNA
C) having only one stop codon
D) lengthening the half-life of mRNA
E) having a second codon (besides AUG) as a start codon
Ans: A) translating polypeptides directly from DNA
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What did Charles Darwin propose after observing the 11-inch-long nectaries of the Angraecum sesquipedale orchid in Madagascar?
A. that the orchid was an evolutionary dead end and could no longer reproduce B. the existence of a pollinator moth with a proboscis of 10–11 inches C. the presence of very small bees that can fit into a long nectar tube D. that the orchid must reproduce asexually E. that the orchid was a self-pollinator and required no assistance from an organism
Which of the following is not a growth factor for various microbes?
a. cholesterol b. water c. vitamins d. heme
Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ____ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.
A. spores B. seeds, spores, and fronds C. vascular tissue, spores, and fronds D. pollen grains and seeds E. fruit and flowers
The pyrimidine bases are _______
A. cytosine, thymine, and uracil B. adenine and guanine C. adenine and thymine D. cytosine and guanine