Test bias refers to the situation in which
a. an individual attempts to present himself/herself in the best possible light on a test such as the MMPI-2.
b. a psychologist tends to administer a test such as the MMPI-2 to certain groups more often than to others.
c. different decisions or predictions are made for members of two groups even when they obtain the same score on a test such as the MMPI-2.
d. an individual prejudges all psychological tests as being invalid and therefore refuses to take them.
C
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Joyce is planning to take a year and a half leave from her job because she wants to stay home and care for her newborn child. Joyce believes that during the first 18 months of a child's life, it is critical that she make herself available to meet her child's needs and provide needed attention. Erik Erikson would say that Joyce's decision comes at a good time to address what stage of her child's development?
A. critical attachment stage B. trust-versus-mistrust stage C. autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage D. temperament behavior stage
Shawna has just gone through a break-up with her arrogant and selfish boyfriend. While hitting the punching bag in her kickboxing class, she imagines that she is punching her boyfriend's head. Shawna believes that engaging in the relatively harmless pursuit of hitting the punching bag will drain the energy from her more violent tendencies (like her temptation to slit the tires of his car or to
break his legs). Research on the idea of catharsis suggests that a. hitting the punching bag will reduce Shawna's "hot-blooded" aggressive intent. b. the good feelings Shawna derives from hitting the punching bag will be replaced by feelings of guilt andshame, which will make her less likely to engage in aggression in the future. c. hitting the punching bag will be a more successful technique for Shawna's attempt to reduce future aggressionthan would distracting herself by going out and having fun with other friends. d. hitting the punching bag will make Shawna feel more aggressive toward her ex-boyfriend.
Which type of theorists would be LEAST likely to make dispositional attributions?
A) behaviourists B) trait theorists C) psychodynamic theorists D) nonscientists
One of the authors once rented a Volkswagen with a stick shift in the
Netherlands, and could not get it into reverse. In order to put it into reverse, the stick shift post had to be pressed downwards. That is, reverse was in a different plane than the neutral position and the forward gears were. This would be most clearly an example of the (a) designer and typical user having different conceptual models (b) the control information having a natural mapping (c) the control information not being in the environment (d) the user making an external attribution when he felt so inadequate