Dreams begin with arousing stimuli, whether generated from the external or internal environment, according to which hypothesis/theory?
a. Freud's theory of dreams
b. the repair and restoration theory
c. a clinico-anatomical hypothesis
d. the evolutionary theory
Answer: c. a clinico-anatomical hypothesis
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What can we learn about human language abilities from the studies of nonhuman language abilities?
A. Language is totally limited to humans. B. The only important language advantage of humans is in our vocal apparatus. C. We may gain some insights into how best to teach language to those who do not learn it easily. D. Language is indistinguishable from the forms of communication that other species use.
Diagnosing the severity of mental illness and behavior problems is usually the job of a(n) __________ psychologist
a. clinical c. school b. counseling d. educational
Unlike villains in children's stories, almost no one believes themselves to be evil. How do bad people preserve positive views of themselves?
A. self-justification B. cognitive dissonance C. sufficient justification D. rationalization trap
Why would a shared environment have such little effect on personality development?
A. A shared environment doesn't mean shared experiences or shared reactions to those experiences; what one sibling perceives as "harsh parenting" could be perceived as "typical" by another. B. Genetics generally accounts for about 70 percent to 80 percent of the variance explained in personality characteristics; there simply isn't much variation left to be explained by environment. C. The shared environment cannot be quantified or defined adequately; therefore, any influence it may have on personality development is likely to be haphazard at best. D. "Shared environment" is not a construct that personality psychologists endorse; rather, it is a concept borrowed from sociology and applied inexpertly to the study of personality.