Explain what infants understand about numbers, and compare their capabilities to those of adults
What will be an ideal response?
Infants 5 months of age have an object tracking system with which they can tell the difference between one and two, or two and three objects, and which is sensitive to addition or subtraction of objects.
Adults can perceive up to four or five objects with this system.
Infants 6 months of age have a numerical estimation system with which they can distinguish among arrays of dots or other stimuli that differ in a 2:1 ratio (e.g., 16 vs. 8).
Adults can perceive the difference between arrays of stimuli in an 8:10 ratio.
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If we have two related samples, the power of our test will
a. increase as the correlation between the two samples increases. b. increase as the correlation between the two samples decreases. c. be at its maximum when the correlation is zero. d. The correlation is irrelevant.
Compared with scores of European-American infants, NBAS scores of Asian and Native-American babies reveal __________
A) more flexible muscle tone B) less responsiveness to stimulation C) less irritability D) more crying
Laboratory studies of bystander intervention indicate that the likelihood of intervention ________ as the number of bystanders ________
a. decreased; increased b. decreased; decreased c. increased; increased d. was unchanged; increased e. increased; decreased
Watson's Little Albert study demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning in humans
a. True b. False