Select either (a) Baumrind's four parenting styles or (b) Erikson's four stages of psychosocial development occurring during childhood. Name each style or stage and provide a brief vignette or "case study" of a child exhibiting each style or stage.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Students' examples may vary.

The answer should include the following information:

Students can choose one of the two approaches given below.

a) Baumrind's parenting styles
Authoritative: Rosanna is socially poised and popular. She completes her schoolwork conscientiously without direct supervision. She is pleasant and cooperative with her teachers.
Authoritarian: Donna seems unfriendly and withdrawn. She has difficulty voicing her opinion or standing up for herself; instead, she tends to pull back into her shell.
Permissive: Bernie has poor impulse control in the classroom; he seems socially immature and gives in to occasional tantrums. He seems overly dependent on others.
Uninvolved: Suzie is emotionally detached; she appears to have low self-esteem. Her attachment behaviors to teachers and other adults who show an interest in her are unusual; sometimes she is clingy and dependent, while on other occasions she is withdrawn. Suzie has poor social skills and seems rejected by her peers.

b) Erikson's four stages of child psychosocial development
Trust versus mistrust (ages 0 to 1-1/2): One-year-old Chris is fortunate to have parents who respond promptly and consistently to his needs for food and comfort. Chris implicitly trusts others; he approaches new people and situations with curiosity. He calms down relatively quickly if he becomes upset.
Autonomy versus shame and doubt (ages 1-1/2 to 3): Carlotta is three years old. Her parents are permissive, exercising little control over Carlotta. Carlotta seems spoiled; she demands food, attention, and toys and is prone to back talk and stubborn defiance.
Initiative-versus-guilt (ages 3 to 6): Mickey is 4-1/2 years old. He is beginning to make some decisions for himself; for example, his mom allows him to select the clothes he wears after school, the bath towel he would prefer that week, and so on. Sometimes, his parents allow him to watch one of two TV shows.
Industry versus inferiority (ages 6 to 12): Karen is 10 years old. Her athletic activities after school-soccer and lacrosse-are important to her, as is her schoolwork. She tries to do her best in any activity she undertakes.