Marine cartilaginous fishes overcome water loss to their environments by:
a. having specialized chloride cells in their gills that prevent water loss.
b. having specialized chloride cells in their gills that continuously excrete salts.
c. storing urea in their body fluids, which causes them to be hypertonic to seawater.
d. producing very small quantities of urine.
e. drinking large quantities of freshwater
C
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Radiolarians have characteristic ____, which are thin, ray-like strands of cytoplasm supported internally by bundles of
____.
a. axopods; microfilaments b. axopods; microtubules c. spicules; microfilaments d. spicules; microtubules
e. microfilaments; axopodsWhich of the following is NOT a trend evident
to plant evolution?
a. increasing independence from water b. development of vascular tissue c. increasing dominance of the gametophyte generation d. evolution from one type of spore to two types of spores e. increasing dominance of the diploid phase of the life cycle
In the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) of determining evolutionary relationships,
A) each set of taxa is connected by the shortest genetic distance. B) a constant rate of evolution across all lineages is assumed. C) a distance matrix is first constructed. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C
In what way do segregational petite mutations differ from neutral petites?
A) Neutral petites are dominant and segregational petites are recessive mitochondrial genes. B) Segregational petites follow Mendelian inheritance as a result of the influence of nuclear genes; neutral petites, when crossed to wild type, produce only wild-type, normal-sized colonies. C) When a neutral petite is crossed to a segregational petite, all offspring are neutral petites. D) When a segregational petite is crossed to a wild-type cell, all offspring are petite. However, when a neutral petite is crossed to a wild-type cell, all offspring are wild type. E) Neutral petites follow Mendelian inheritance as a result of the influence of nuclear genes; segregational petites, when crossed to wild type, produce only wild-type, normal-sized colonies.