When learning about light, we predicted that Venus should have a temperature of 250 K based on its albedo and distance from the Sun. Why is Venus's observed average surface temperature equal to 740 K, which is hot enough to melt lead?
a. Venus has slow, retrograde rotation, and its seasons are very long.
b. Venus has many active volcanoes that release heat into its atmosphere.
c. Venus has a very thin atmosphere, and more sunlight falls onto its surface.
d. Venus has a strong greenhouse effect.
e. Venus has a highly eccentric orbit and is sometimes much closer to the Sun than other times.
d. Venus has a strong greenhouse effect.
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Current that is typically 60 hertz is
A) direct current. B) alternating current. C) either of these D) neither of these
The Sun is about how far from Earth?
A. 93,000,000 km B. 380,000 km C. 150,000,000 km D. one light-year
A wire is 12.00 m long and has a diameter of 1.50 mm. The tensile modulus of the wire is 
If a force of 500 N is applied to end of the wire, then the increase in length of the wire is
A. 38.5 mm. B. 40.2 mm. C. 44.1 mm. D. 48.5 mm. E. 51.50 mm.
According to the law of reflection, the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal between them
A) lie in the same plane. B) may or may not lie in the same plane. C) lie in planes that are perpendicular to one another.